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Some Neophytes in North Rhine-Westphalia
'Neophytic' and 'adventive plants' are wild plants, which were not originally growing there, but immigrated or were introduced since 1492 when Columbus reached America. 'Neophytic' means those of the immigrated or introduced plants, which are able to adapt to the climatic and other conditions, and last permanently. The more general term 'adventive plant' is used for any plant which arrives newly, even if it isn't able to last. Plants which immigrated or have been introduced earlier than 1492 are called 'archaeophytes', but these are not the theme of this page.
 
Some findings of outstanding neophytes from North Rhine-Westphalia are presented here. Frequent neophytes as Solidago, Amaranthus etc. aren't mentioned here, these are e.g. shown in Neophytes in the 'Kurpfalz', the presentation on the neophytes of the region around Mannheim and Heidelberg in Baden-Württemberg.
 

 

 

 
At the Rhine shore of Zündorf and (Porz-)Langel in the South-East of Cologne in autumn the following neophytes were found among others:
Persicaria pensylvanica, Pennsylvania Smartweed
Persicaria pensylvanica / Pennsylvania Smartweed
Polygonaceae / Knotweed Fam.
 
 
Abutilon theophrasti, Velvet Leaf, Flowering Maple
Abutilon theophrasti / Velvet Leaf, Flowering Maple
Malvaceae / Mallow Fam.
 
 
Solanum chenopodioides, Whitetip Nightshade, Goosefoot Nightshade
Solanum chenopodioides / Whitetip Nightshade, Goosefoot Nightshade
Solanaceae / Nightshade Fam.
 
 
Physalis grisea, Downy Ground Cherry
Physalis grisea / Downy Ground Cherry
Solanaceae / Nightshade Fam.
 
 
Physalis peruviana, Cape Gooseberry
Physalis peruviana / Cape Gooseberry
Solanaceae / Nightshade Fam.
 
 
Cucurbita pepo, Marrow
Cucurbita pepo / Marrow
Cucurbitaceae / Cucumber Fam.
 
 
Citrullus lanatus, Water Melon
Citrullus lanatus / Water Melon
Cucurbitaceae / Cucumber Fam.
 
 
Helianthus annuus, Sunflower
Helianthus annuus / Sunflower
Asteraceae / Composite Fam.
 
 
Datura stramonium var. tatula, Purple Thorn Apple
Datura stramonium var. tatula / Purple Thorn Apple
Solanaceae / Nightshade Fam.
 
 
Datura stramonium, Thorn Apple
Datura stramonium / Thorn Apple
Solanaceae / Nightshade Fam.
 
 
Mimulus guttatus, Monkey Flower
Mimulus guttatus / Monkey Flower
Scrophulariaceae / Figwort Fam.
 
 

 

 

 
At the edges of a foot path in the area of the university of Bochum the following four neophytes have been found in 2018:
Impatiens tricornis, Three-Horned Balsam
Impatiens tricornis / Three-Horned Balsam
Balsaminaceae / Balsam Fam.
 
 
Impatiens balfourii, Balfour's Balsam
Impatiens balfourii / Balfour's Balsam
Balsaminaceae / Balsam Fam.
 
 
Atriplex hortensis, Garden Orache
Atriplex hortensis / Garden Orache
Chenopodiaceae / Goosefoot Fam.
 
 

 
Cyclamen hederifolium, Ivy-Leaved Cyclamen, Sowbread
Cyclamen hederifolium / Ivy-Leaved Cyclamen, Sowbread
Primulaceae / Primrose Fam.
 
 

 
Cyclamen hederifolium, Ivy-Leaved Cyclamen, Sowbread
Cyclamen hederifolium / Ivy-Leaved Cyclamen, Sowbread
Primulaceae / Primrose Fam.
 
 

 
More Neophytes in NorthRhine-Westphalia:
Carex vulpinoidea, American Fox Sedge, Brown Fox Sedge
Carex vulpinoidea / American Fox Sedge, Brown Fox Sedge
Cyperaceae / Sedge Fam.
  Bochum; from America
 
Cortaderia selloana, Pampas Grass
Cortaderia selloana / Pampas Grass
Poaceae / Grass Fam.
  Motorway at Bochum
 
Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Amur Silver Grass
Miscanthus sacchariflorus / Amur Silver Grass
Poaceae / Grass Fam.
  Hövelhof, Bochum
 
Onopordum x hortorum, Garden Cotton Thistle
Onopordum x hortorum / Garden Cotton Thistle
Asteraceae / Composite Fam.
  Holzwickede
 
Bunias orientalis, Warty Cabbage
Bunias orientalis / Warty Cabbage
Brassicaceae / Crucifers
  Oberhausen
 
Lysichiton americanus, American Skunk Cabbage, Swamp Lantern
Lysichiton americanus / American Skunk Cabbage, Swamp Lantern
Araceae / Arum Fam.
  Duisburg; from America
 
Pistia stratiotes, Water Cabbage
Pistia stratiotes / Water Cabbage
Araceae / Arum Fam.
  Moated castle of Lüdinghausen; Erft near Grevenbroich
 
Myriophyllum heterophyllum, Various-Leaved Water Milfoil, Twoleaf Water Milfoil
Myriophyllum heterophyllum / Various-Leaved Water Milfoil, Twoleaf Water Milfoil
Haloragaceae / Water Milfoil Fam.
  University of Düsseldorf
 
Cabomba caroliniana, Carolina Fanwort, Green Cabomba
Cabomba caroliniana / Carolina Fanwort, Green Cabomba
Cabombaceae / Fanwort Fam.
  Teverener Heide
 
Sagittaria latifolia, Broadleaf Arrowhead
Sagittaria latifolia / Broadleaf Arrowhead
Alismataceae / Water Plantain Fam.
  Elmpt Schwalmbruch; from Northern America
 
Triadenum fraseri, Bog St. John's-Wort, Fraser's St. John's-Wort
Triadenum fraseri / Bog St. John's-Wort, Fraser's St. John's-Wort
Hypericaceae / St.John's Wort Fam.
  Emsdetten Venn; from Northern America
 
Petasites japonicus, Japanese Butterbur
Petasites japonicus / Japanese Butterbur
Asteraceae / Composite Fam.
  Bochum
 
Lysimachia clethroides, Gooseneck Loosestrife
Lysimachia clethroides / Gooseneck Loosestrife
Primulaceae / Primrose Fam.
  Kierspe; from East Asia
 
Symphytum x hidcotense, Hidcote Comfrey
Symphytum x hidcotense / Hidcote Comfrey
= Symphytum grandiflorum x uplandicum
Boraginaceae / Borrage Fam.
  Entrance of the Teverener Heide
 
Collomia grandiflora, Large-Flowered Collomia
Collomia grandiflora / Large-Flowered Collomia
Polemoniaceae / Jacob's-Ladder Fam.
  Eifel near Herhahn; from America
 
Veronica peregrina, American Speedwell
Veronica peregrina / American Speedwell
Scrophulariaceae / Figwort Fam.
  Hattingen
 
Scilla sardensis, Sardes Glory of the Snow
Scilla sardensis / Sardes Glory of the Snow
Liliaceae / Lily Fam.
  Hagen, Jülich
 
Hyacinthoides non-scripta, English Bluebell
Hyacinthoides non-scripta / English Bluebell
Liliaceae / Lily Fam.
  Hückelhofen-Baal
 
Allium paradoxum, Few-Flowered Leek
Allium paradoxum / Few-Flowered Leek
Liliaceae / Lily Fam.
  Leverkusen
 
Koenigia polystachya, Himalayan Knotweed
Koenigia polystachya / Himalayan Knotweed
Polygonaceae / Knotweed Fam.
  Winterberg
 
Persicaria nepalensis, Nepal Knotweed
Persicaria nepalensis / Nepal Knotweed
Polygonaceae / Knotweed Fam.
  Kirchhundem
 
Ceratocapnos claviculata, Climbing Corydalis
Ceratocapnos claviculata / Climbing Corydalis
Fumariaceae / Fumitory Fam.
  Steinfurt
 
Solanum sarachoides, Saracha Nightshade
Solanum sarachoides / Saracha Nightshade
Solanaceae / Nightshade Fam.
  Neuss
 
Potentilla indica, Yellow-flowered Str0awberry
Potentilla indica / Yellow-flowered Str0awberry
Rosaceae / Rose Fam.
  Attendorn, Essen
 
Aucuba japonica, Gold Dust Plant
Aucuba japonica / Gold Dust Plant
Garryaceae / Aucuba Fam.
  Leverkusen
 
Kalmia angustifolia, Dwarf Mountain Laurel
Kalmia angustifolia / Dwarf Mountain Laurel
Ericaceae / Heather Fam.
  Steinfurt
 
Euonymus fortunei, Fortune's Spindle
Euonymus fortunei / Fortune's Spindle
Celastraceae / Spindle Fam.
  Hagen-Haspe
 
Hedera colchica, Georgian Ivy
Hedera colchica / Georgian Ivy
Araliaceae / Ivy Fam.
  Duisburg
 
Hedera helix, Ivy
Hedera helix / Ivy
Araliaceae / Ivy Fam.
  Bochum
 
Pachysandra terminalis, Carpet Box
Pachysandra terminalis / Carpet Box
Buxaceae / Box Fam.
  Schalksmühle, Aachen
 
Berberis julianae, Juliane's Barberry
Berberis julianae / Juliane's Barberry
Berberidaceae / Barberry Fam.
  Aachen
 
Phyllostachys bambusoides, Giant Timber Bamboo
Phyllostachys bambusoides / Giant Timber Bamboo
Poaceae / Grass Fam.
  Bochum
 
Selaginella kraussiana, Krauss' Spikemoss, African Clubmoss
Selaginella kraussiana / Krauss' Spikemoss, African Clubmoss
Selaginellaceae / Lesser Clubmoss Fam.
  Essen
 
Cyrtomium fortunei var. clivicola, Japanese Holly Fern
Cyrtomium fortunei var. clivicola / Japanese Holly Fern
Pteridopsida / True Ferns
  Bochum, in a chamber for a basement window
 

 

 
Left: In the Conifers Arboretum of the Gruga at Essen Krauss' Spikemoss Selaginella kraussiana is widespread in the lawn.
Adiantum raddianum, Delta Maidenhair Fern
Adiantum raddianum / Delta Maidenhair Fern
Pteridopsida / True Ferns
  Essen, in a chamber for a basement window
 

 
Rarely useful plants are running wild:
Chaerophyllum byzantinum, Byzantine Chervil
Chaerophyllum byzantinum / Byzantine Chervil
Apiaceae / Umbellifers
  Duisburg
 

 
Cyclospermum leptophyllum, Marsh Parsley, Fir-Leaved Celery
Cyclospermum leptophyllum / Marsh Parsley, Fir-Leaved Celery
Apiaceae / Umbellifers
  Bochum
 
Fragaria iinumae x vesca, 'Fontaine' Strawberry
Fragaria iinumae x vesca / 'Fontaine' Strawberry
Rosaceae / Rose Fam.
  Hagen
 

 
Several ornamental plants are running wild in towns and villages in pavement cracks:
Pentaglottis sempervirens, Green Alkanet, Evergreen Bugloss
Pentaglottis sempervirens / Green Alkanet, Evergreen Bugloss
Boraginaceae / Borrage Fam.
  Krefeld
 

 
Bidens triplinervia var. macrantha, Three-Nerved Beggartick
Bidens triplinervia var. macrantha / Three-Nerved Beggartick
Asteraceae / Composite Fam.
  Essen, Bochum
 

 
Portulaca grandiflora, Moss Rose Purslane
Portulaca grandiflora / Moss Rose Purslane
Portulacaceae / Purslane Fam.
  Bochum
 

 
Salvia hispanica, Chia Seeds
Salvia hispanica / Chia Seeds
Lamiaceae / Mint Fam.
  Wickede
 

 
Soleirolia soleirolii, Baby's Tears
Soleirolia soleirolii / Baby's Tears
Urticaceae / Nettle Fam.
  Krefeld
 

 

 

 

 
Whether these two plants in front of the Vitus bath at Mönchengladbach are neophytes which ingressed into the lawn, is not clear, they could also have been sown as lawn replacement.
Lobelia pedunculata, Blue Star Creeper, Trailing Pratia
Lobelia pedunculata / Blue Star Creeper, Trailing Pratia
Campanulaceae / Bellflower Fam.
 
 

 
Dichondra repens, Creeping Dichondra
Dichondra repens / Creeping Dichondra
Convolvulaceae / Bindweed Fam.
 
 

 
Sedum pallidum, Turkish Stonecrop
Sedum pallidum / Turkish Stonecrop
Crassulaceae / Stonecrop Fam.
  Dreiborn
 

 

 

 

 
Left: Sedum species are easily runnung wild. At the edges of a former road for tanks near Dreiborn in the Eifel there are particularly abundant incidences.
 

 

 
Right: In cemeteries often Sedum species can be found run wild out of seed from plantings.
Sedum ellacombeanum, Ellacombe Stonecrop
Sedum ellacombeanum / Ellacombe Stonecrop
Crassulaceae / Stonecrop Fam.
  Bochum
 

 

 

 

 
Also others of the many ornamental plants which are planted on graves in cemeteries can grow seed and run wild.
Cotula squalida, Common Brassbuttons
Cotula squalida / Common Brassbuttons
Asteraceae / Composite Fam.
  Bochum, Dortmund
 
Melampodium montanum, Mountain Blackfoot
Melampodium montanum / Mountain Blackfoot
Asteraceae / Composite Fam.
  Schalksmühle-Wippekühl
 
Viola wittrockiana, Pansy
Viola wittrockiana / Pansy
Violaceae / Violet Fam.
  Attendorn
 
Echinacea purpurea, Eastern Purple Coneflower
Echinacea purpurea / Eastern Purple Coneflower
Asteraceae / Composite Fam.
  Bonn-Poppelsdorf cemetery
 
Picea omorika, Serbian Spruce
Picea omorika / Serbian Spruce
Pinaceae / Pine Fam.
  Bonn-Poppelsdorf cemetery
 
Carex morrowii, Japanese Sedge
Carex morrowii / Japanese Sedge
Cyperaceae / Sedge Fam.
  var. variegata: Bochum
 

 
Agrostis scabra, Rough Bentgrass, Hair Grass
Agrostis scabra / Rough Bentgrass, Hair Grass
Poaceae / Grass Fam.
  Essen
 
Polystichum munitum, Western Swordfern
Polystichum munitum / Western Swordfern
Pteridopsida / True Ferns
  Herdecke
 

 
On an agricultural compost heap near Werne-Stockum the following neophytes can be found among others:
Chenopodium x reynieri, Hybrid Goosefoot
Chenopodium x reynieri / Hybrid Goosefoot
= Chenopodium album x giganteum
Chenopodiaceae / Goosefoot Fam.
  developed in Europe from an Asian and an European parent
 

 
Xanthium strumarium, Rough Cocklebur, Common Cocklebur
Xanthium strumarium / Rough Cocklebur, Common Cocklebur
Asteraceae / Composite Fam.
  from America
 

 
Echinochloa muricata <b>?</b>, Awned Barnyard Grass, American Barnyard Grass
Echinochloa muricata ? / Awned Barnyard Grass, American Barnyard Grass
Poaceae / Grass Fam.
  from America
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
In an old quarry in Hagen the subspecies affine of the Rough Horsetail is available, which originates from North America and North-Eastern Asia and which is sold for garden culture.
Equisetum hyemale subsp. affine, Scouring-Rush Horsetail
Equisetum hyemale subsp. affine / Scouring-Rush Horsetail
Equisetaceae / Horsetail Fam.
 
 
Equisetum hyemale subsp. affine, Scouring-Rush Horsetail
Equisetum hyemale subsp. affine / Scouring-Rush Horsetail
Equisetaceae / Horsetail Fam.
 

 
Naturally this list of neophytic plants of North Rhine-Westphalia is far from completeness. It will be continued on occasion. There are similar sites on some neophytes in Hesse, ... in Rheinland-Pfalz, ... in (Southern) Baden, ... in Württemberg, and the more extensive presentation on the neophytes of the 'Kurpfalz' region around Mannheim and Heidelberg.  
 

 


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18-Mar-2022

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