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	Centranthus ruber  (L.) DC.  subsp. ruber

APG-Fam.: Caprifoliaceae / Honeysuckle Fam.       Fam. tradit.: Valerianaceae / Valerian Fam.

Genus:  Centranthus  DC.

Authors:
	L.:		Carl von Linné (Linnaeus, 1707 - 1777), Swedish naturalist who introduced the binary naming system for plants and animals
	DC.:		Augustin-Pyrame de Candolle (1778 - 1841), Swiss botanist

Etymology:
	Centranthus:		kentron = spur, anthos = blossom
	ruber:		red

Fig. 1:  Centranthus ruber subsp. ruber / Red Valerian F Massif de l'Estaque 30.4.2005

Fig. 2:  Centranthus ruber subsp. ruber / Red Valerian (color variant) F Corbières, Talairan 13.5.2007

Fig. 3:  Centranthus ruber subsp. ruber / Red Valerian (color variant) F Corbières, Talairan 13.5.2007

Fig. 4:  Centranthus ruber subsp. ruber / Red Valerian F Mont S. Michel 2.7.1984

Fig. 5:  Centranthus ruber subsp. ruber / Red Valerian (with the Broad-Bordered Bee Hawk-Moth Hemaris fuciformis) F Cirque de Navacelles 21.6.1985

Fig. 6:  Centranthus ruber subsp. ruber / Red Valerian (with the Broad-Bordered Bee Hawk-Moth Hemaris fuciformis) F Cirque de Navacelles 21.6.1985

Fig. 7:  Centranthus ruber subsp. ruber / Red Valerian I Finale Ligure 22.5.2013

Fig. 8:  Centranthus ruber subsp. ruber / Red Valerian I Finale Ligure 22.5.2013

Fig. 9:  Centranthus ruber subsp. ruber / Red Valerian I Liguria, Pietrabruna 30.5.2013

Fig. 10:  Centranthus ruber subsp. ruber / Red Valerian I Liguria, Pietrabruna 30.5.2013

Fig. 11:  Centranthus ruber subsp. ruber / Red Valerian I Liguria, Pietrabruna 30.5.2013

Fig. 12:  Centranthus ruber subsp. ruber / Red Valerian IRL Burren, Fanore 9.8.2005

Fig. 13:  Centranthus ruber subsp. ruber / Red Valerian D Dilsberg 24.5.2020

Fig. 14:  Centranthus ruber subsp. ruber / Red Valerian D Dilsberg 24.5.2020

Fig. 15:  Centranthus ruber subsp. ruber / Red Valerian D Ludwigshafen 1.5.2022

Fig. 16:  Centranthus ruber subsp. ruber / Red Valerian D Ludwigshafen 1.5.2022

Fig. 17:  Centranthus ruber subsp. ruber / Red Valerian D Ludwigshafen 1.5.2022

Fig. 18:  Centranthus ruber subsp. ruber / Red Valerian (color variant) D Ludwigshafen 27.5.2021

Fig. 19:  Centranthus ruber subsp. ruber / Red Valerian (color variant) D Ludwigshafen 27.5.2021

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.. Scientific Names

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.. Bloom Colors

.. Flower Anatomy

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Pest Infestation + Deformations

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Copyright: Use of the images and texts only with the author's written permission.