Links and Literature

Calypso bulbosa, S Muddus Nationalpark 17.6.95

European Orchids generally:

• Kreutz, C. A. J. (2024), Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, Private edition, ISBN 978-90-831411-2-1
  Almost complete for the big area which it covers, but the naming of several groups of Orchis and Anacamptis is unusual. For a field guide almost too big and too heavy.
• Griebl, Norbert and Presser, Helmut (2021), Orchideen Europas, Kosmos-Verlag Stuttgart
  Overall recommended.
• Delforge, Pierre (2005), Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche Orient, 3e édition entièrement revue et augmentée, Lausanne (Delachaux & Niestle)
  The completeness of this field guide is good, but the assignment to ranks of many orchids needs discussion and the group assignment of Ophrys is in many cases misleading.
• AHO Baden-Württemberg
  Working group for European Orchids in Baden-Württemberg, Southwestern Germany.
• AHOs of Germany
  Contains links to the web pages of the working groups for European Orchids in Germany.
• Orchidées de Provence
  One of the best French sites about 6 departements of the Provence, and the biggest collection of links on orchid sites world-wide which I know, but there are many broken links, too.
• For more literature see the literature reference of my hybrid lists.

Comperia comperiana, Lesbos Agiasos 16.5.95

Hybrids of European Orchids:

• Danesch, O.& E. (1972), Orchideen Europas: Ophrys-Hybriden, Bern (Hallwag)
  Rather old, containing some faulty determinations, but still fascinating, and still the standard book on Ophrys hybrids. In 2000 I was glad to get it via the web from a dutch antiquary for about 37 euro.
• www.orchis.de (Zelesny & Wössner)
  The 'Photographic archieves' are containing many hybrids of European Orchids with parents,
  in 'A little theory' there is a short introduction to several aspects of European Orchids.
• Photos by Alain Bonny
  Excellent photos of European orchids, often hybrids, by my French friend Alain Bonny.
• For more links see the web reference of my hybrid lists.

Pollination of European Orchids:

• Reproductive Biology of Orchids
  Dr. Vladimir Nazarov sees his site as portal for this comprehensive theme. In English language.
• Nature - Bretagne
  On the orchids of Brittany in North Western France, with an extensive list of observed pollinators. In French language.